Which Linux OS is right for you?
Your Linux distro of choice is going to depend on your personal needs. Foremost, you should consider your computer skills. If you have never used the command line or Linux, you will be more restricted in your choices. Another obvious point to consider is: are you going to use your Linux OS on a desktop or to serve applications? And, if desktop, do you prefer one of the modern-looking distros or a more classic Linux look?
With basic computer skills, you should look at a distribution that caters to inexperienced Linux users. Linux Mint and Deepin are good choices. Are you a pro Linux user? You might prefer to use Fedora or Debian, while the most experienced users could choose Gentoo.
As for servers, consider the need for a GUI. Some servers are best managed via the command line, which means your server won’t be slowed down by the graphics server. Some server distros won’t come with a GUI, some will, and some, like Ubuntu, will allow you to add a GUI any time after you’ve installed the server.
Some server distros are good for specific applications, including a lot of pre-bundled services. CentOS is a good example, as it offers a lot of what you need to run a comprehensive server out of the box. You can even start with a desktop distribution and add Linux operating system components as and when you need them. Consider Debian or Ubuntu if that’s the case.
Getting Started with Linux
Transitioning to Linux involves creating a bootable installation media, partitioning the hard drive, and using package managers for software management. It is possible to have multiple operating systems on one computer by dividing the hard drive and utilizing a boot manager like GRUB during system startup.
Don’t be intimidated! Live distributions in Linux make it easier to install without permanently saving it on your device. The key element of managing and installing software in Linux is leveraging its specific distribution package manager(s).
Installation Process
The process of installing Linux is fairly straightforward. To install a Linux distribution, you will need to create bootable installation media with at least 4GB of space on a USB thumb drive or external hard drive using Rufus. The recommended minimum amount of dedicated space for the operating system is 20GB when partitioning your PC’s hard drive.
During the installation process, you need to:
1. Run the Live distribution
2. Go through an installation wizard where you must choose language, time zone, and keyboard layout.
3. Create login credentials for your user account.
You´ll then be prompted by GNU GRUB to select which operating system they would like to use. There may be options available during this process, such as downloading updates or third-party software, if desired by Linux users.
As you embark on your journey with Linux installation, we understand that it’s essential to start with the basics. For those new to Linux, we’ve prepared a beginner-friendly guide on setting up a Linux mail server, empowering you to expand your server’s functionalities while gaining valuable hands-on experience. Additionally, discover our tutorial on finding files in Linux from the command line, providing you with fundamental skills to navigate your system efficiently. Let’s dive in and make your Linux journey a smooth and enjoyable one!
Installing Software on Linux
Linux uses a package manager to effectively manage software installation by adding, updating, or removing components from trusted repositories. On Debian-based systems, users can utilize the command line with ‘sudo apt install packagename’ while on DNF-based systems like Fedora, it would be ‘sudo dnf install packagename’. Before initiating any installations, keeping an updated list of available software is important, and this can be done through commands such as ‘sudo apt update’ for Debian-based systems and sudo dnf makecache for DNF-based systems.
To find specific packages that meet their needs, users have options depending on the type of system they are using. For instance, on Debian-based systems, keyword searching is possible via “apt-cache search” followed by desired keywords, whereas, for those on DNF-based ones, the equivalent command would involve typing in’sudo dnf search softwarename‘.
Some people may opt for graphical user interfaces instead, particularly if they prefer visual representations when working; GNOME Software, KDE Discover, and Synaptic are examples of tools offering easy-to-use graphical interfaces for managing software. In addition to these traditional packaging methods, some universal solutions, including Flatpak and Snap, also exist that provide cross-distribution compatibility thus easing sharing between different Linux distributions.
In addition to general software installation, users may also install web hosting control panels like Plesk on Linux servers. If that is your case, here´s how to install Plesk on Linux.
The Linux Community and Resources
The community of Linux users offers various resources, such as online forums, documentation, and local gatherings known as Linux User Groups (LUGs), to promote collaboration, provide support, and facilitate learning. LUGs that are successful typically maintain a user-friendly website with easily accessible URLs, share event details, including maps and directions, welcome all members of the public at their meetings without charging any fees, and regularly update their online content with relevant information along with functional hyperlinks.
Individuals who acquire proficiency in commonly used open-source tools like the Linux kernel can take advantage of increased employment opportunities by actively contributing to them. Embedded systems also have thriving communities involved in developing Linux-based devices through initiatives such as Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset, Yocto, OpenEmbedded, and OpenWrt. All these groups play a vital role in enhancing the development process for embedded systems using Linux technology.
Linux User Groups (LUGs)
Linux User Groups (LUGs) are instrumental in promoting preferred Linux distributions and providing various forms of support, such as demonstrations, technical assistance, training sessions, and guidance for newcomers on how to install the operating system. These groups gather physically and virtually through online platforms to organize social events, deliver technical talks, and facilitate informal discussions among members with a shared interest in using Linux.
For LUGs to maintain an active community that operates effectively over time, it is recommended they establish consistent meeting times and locations while being mindful of avoiding scheduling conflicts. Furthermore, having a dedicated core group comprising enthusiastic users can greatly contribute to their success. LUG websites serve as valuable tools for showcasing past activities, enabling effective communication among members, and offering practical learning resources related to internet technologies specific to the use of Linux.
Online Forums and Documentation
The availability of online platforms such as Ubuntu Forums plays a crucial role in facilitating knowledge sharing, troubleshooting discussions, and highlighting the strong support system present for Linux users. The forum is structured to include both a resolution center and a council agenda dedicated to governing the community and resolving conflicts within it.
These internet resources are vital to fostering collaboration among members of the Linux community by providing an inclusive platform where they can exchange ideas, seek assistance with problems, and find solutions. They effectively showcase the power behind open-source principles by promoting a culture that values sharing information and continuous learning. Thus driving forward progress and innovation within Linux.
Summary and conclusion
Linux offers a vast range of possibilities for individuals and businesses alike due to its open-source nature, backed by a thriving community.
In this article, we covered the fundamentals of the Linux Operating System and listed the most common use cases where Linux is employed. We also covered the unique security features of Linux and the advantages of its versatility, as well as how it can adapt to users with different proficiency levels.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is Linux, in simple words?
Linux is an open-source operating system kernel. It differs from proprietary operating systems like Windows and macOS in that it is freely distributable, customizable, and supported by a vast community of developers worldwide.
Is Linux secure compared to other operating systems?
Linux is renowned for its security features, including user permissions, robust access controls, and regular security updates. However, no system is entirely immune to vulnerabilities, so it’s essential to practice good security hygiene, such as installing updates promptly and using reputable software sources.
Why use Linux as the main OS?
Linux offers numerous advantages, including stability, security, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It can breathe new life into older hardware, provide robust server capabilities, and offer a wide range of software options tailored to various needs.
Is Linux suitable for enterprise environments?
Linux is widely used in enterprise environments for servers, cloud computing, networking, and embedded systems. Its stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness make it a compelling choice for businesses seeking reliable solutions without vendor lock-in.
Is Linux difficult to learn for beginners?
While Linux may have a learning curve for beginners accustomed to other operating systems, many distributions (distros) offer user-friendly interfaces and extensive documentation. With some patience and practice, users can quickly adapt to Linux and its ecosystem.
Can I run Linux alongside my current operating system?
Yes, you can dual-boot Linux alongside Windows or macOS, allowing you to choose which operating system to use at startup. Alternatively, you can run Linux within a virtual machine for experimentation or as a secondary environment.
How do I install software on Linux?
Linux offers various package management systems, such as apt (Advanced Package Tool), yum (Yellowdog Updater, Modified), and Pacman, depending on the distribution. Users can install software using these package managers, which simplify the process of downloading, installing, and updating applications.
Who is the creator of Linux?
Linus Torvalds, a Finnish software engineer, created Linux in 1991. He developed the Linux kernel as an open-source project, originally intending it to be a Unix-like operating system kernel for personal computers. Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel to the public on September 17, 1991. Since then, Linux operating system has evolved with contributions from thousands of developers worldwide.
What is the Linux kernel?
The Linux kernel serves as the core element of the operating system and is responsible for managing hardware resources. It plays a crucial role in controlling how different components interact with each other.
What is a Linux distribution?
A Linux distribution, commonly referred to as a distro, is a specific version of Linux tailored to fulfill particular purposes. It´s a complete operating system based on the Linux kernel, along with various software applications and utilities. While the Linux kernel itself is the core component responsible for managing hardware resources and providing basic system functionalities, a Linux distribution packages the kernel with additional software, libraries, and configuration files to create a usable operating system with specific objectives or intended audiences in mind.
